• Here we show that lactate activates the

  2021-10-09

  

  Here we show that lactate activates the Gi-coupled receptor GPR81, which is exclusively expressed on adipocytes, and that lactate released from adipocytes in response to glucose and insulin mediates insulin-induced antilipolysis by activation of GPR81. Results Discussion Nutrients and their m

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Obesity and type

  2021-10-09

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two major chronic non-communicable diseases that are increasing worldwide at an alarming rate; the majority of people with T2D are overweight or obese, and T2D associated with obesity is expected to have doubled by 2030 (Chen e

• Previously we reported that the inhibition of

  2021-10-09

  

  Previously, we reported that the inhibition of PKC-ζ and PKC-ε activity in hypertrophic adipocytes had deleterious effects on EPA-induced GPR120-mediated VEGF-A production [12]. However, the activation of PKC-θ, -ζ and -λ can also enhance the phosphorylation of IKK and p65, and facilitate the transl

• The compounds described in this

  2021-10-09

  

  The compounds described in this paper were prepared using a modular approach that allowed diversification of R or R at the final step (). Route A involved amide coupling of -butyl 4-(methylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate with phenyl acetic acids (step a) using 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-m

• proton pump inhibitors Consistent with previous reports of a

  2021-10-09

  

  Consistent with previous reports of an association between increased accumulation of cAMP and GLP-1 secretion [25, 44, 45], we hypothesized that Oleoyl-LPI may regulate GPR119 activation and secretion of GLP-1 secretion through the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of PKA by H-89 was

• The use of HIV peptide epitope based vaccines is

  2021-10-09

  

  The use of HIV-1 peptide epitope-based vaccines is safer and cheaper than live or inactivated vaccines [8]. However, peptide epitope vaccines could show poor immunogenicity and have poor uptake by APCs [9]. Nevertheless, nanocarrier-based delivery platforms have been demonstrated to enhance the pept

• To further explain the energy differences between

  2021-10-09

  

  . To further explain the energy differences between Group-A and Group-B, the average distances between ligands and the zinc cation were obtained from the last 1ns trajectory. It turns out that the members of group A were within the coordination distance of the zinc ion, whereas those of group B stay

• br Introduction The alternative splicing of

  2021-10-09

  

  Introduction The alternative splicing of pre-mRNA is essential for generating multiple matured mRNAs from a single gene by selectively removing introns. Neural cell tak show many examples of regulated alternative splicing events, which produce structural changes in proteins important for the dev

• Analysis of genomic neighborhoods has helped resolve questio

  2021-10-09

  

  Analysis of genomic neighborhoods has helped resolve questions concerning the orthology of receptors for peptides similar to glucagon (Ng et al., 2010, Irwin and Prentice, 2011, Wang et al., 2012, Hwang et al., 2013). Using a diverse array of species with available genome sequence (see Fig. 4) the g

• The HH signaling has also been

  2021-10-09

  

  The HH signaling has also been implicated in the regulation of cancer stem Voriconazole receptor (CSC) by promoting their self-renewal [53]. Activated HH signaling has been identified in CSCs of many solid tumors, such as glioblastoma, breast, colon, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, and hematological ma

• br Presenilins and apoptosis Apoptosis also known

  2021-10-08

  

  Presenilins and apoptosis Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, has a critically important role in tissue homeostasis, development, normal ageing and the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. The presenilins were first linked to apoptosis when ce

• ML-265 Corresponding to the different insulinotropic signali

  2021-10-08

  

  Corresponding to the different insulinotropic signaling, the competitive radioligand-binding studies demonstrated at least 3 distinct ML-265 on GPR40: orthosteric binding site for endogenous ligands, allosteric binding site for partial agonists and another allosteric binding site for full agonists

• A large body of evidence

  2021-10-08

  

  A large body of evidence supports a contribution of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in the regulation of stress and emotional behavior (Gorzalka and Hill, 2011, Hill and Patel, 2013, Morena et al., 2016). General findings from this work indicate that eCB anandamide signaling is critical for bufferi

• WWL 70 The hyperacetylation of histone proteins by HATs

  2021-10-08

  

  The hyperacetylation of histone proteins by HATs is known to be associated with gene activation [51]. In particular, p300, which is a transcription factor having HAT activity, links activators to the transcription machinery at promoters [52]. The p300/CBP complex dynamically regulates hundreds of di

• br Introduction Adenosine triphosphate ATP is

  2021-10-08

  

  Introduction Adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) is an organic molecule (nucleoside triphosphate) which consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphoric Z-Ligustilide residues. ATP serves as a temporary carrier of energy in all living cells, so it is a common substance in any organism. In the cells,

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